Causes and Solutions of Cavitation in Centrifugal Pumps

Causes of cavitation in centrifugal pumps
The centrifugal pump is in a low pressure state from the water inlet pipe to the outer end face of the impeller during the water suction process. Due to the excessive suction height and the high liquid temperature, the suction port pressure is less than or equal to the liquid saturated vapor pressure, and the liquid will vaporize at the pump inlet, resulting in numerous bubbles. Enter high pressure area. Due to the action of pressure, the bubbles are crushed and re-coagulated. At the moment of condensation, they exploded and collided with each other to generate high local pressure. These bubbles burst near the metal surface and condensed, and the liquid particles hit the metal surface continuously like countless small warheads. Under continuous blows, cracks or even local peeling occurs on the metal surface, which is the effect of mechanical erosion. In the generated bubbles, there are also active gases such as oxygen that have chemical corrosion effect in the bubbles, which chemically corrode the metal by the heat released when the bubbles are condensed. Under the combined action of mechanical erosion and chemical corrosion of air bubbles, the metal accelerates the damage speed of centrifugal pump. The cavitation part is quickly destroyed into honeycomb or sponge shape, which reduces the performance of the pump and shortens the life of the pump until it cannot work.
Centrifugal pump cavitation solution
1. Improve the water supply conditions of the centrifugal pump, ensure sufficient water supply at the suction port of the pump, and reduce the occurrence of cavitation.
2. The centrifugal pump controls the displacement to make the pump run in the best working condition area.
3. Clean the filter, increase the diameter of the suction line, reduce the elbow and reduce the resistance.
4. Reduce the number of open pumps or increase the water supply pipeline.
5. Improve the material of impeller and guide vane, and choose stainless steel centrifugal pump.
6. Check whether the design drawings and accessories of the centrifugal pump meet the technical requirements.
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